Decarbonising transport and supply chains: a systematic review of greenhouse gas calculation approaches and future research paths

In light of the growing environmental concerns in transportation and supply chains, this study emphasizes the necessity for accurate and comparable carbon emissions calculations. By addressing recognized inaccuracies, the aim was to shed light on method and calculator-related decisions that significantly affect emission results. Drawing on a systematic literature review, theoretical examination, and comprehensive content analysis, we developed a framework highlighting key mechanisms influencing carbon emissions calculation. We identified and analyzed critical connections between calculation context, methods and results, emphasizing frequently overlooked aspects like inconsistent data sources or emission factors. Our findings support practitioners, involved in calculating carbon emissions of supply chain and transportation activities, to identify decision-making points with impact and recognize areas requiring clarification. This study contributes to the discourse by advocating for a nuanced approach to calculating carbon emissions. It provides significant value to practitioners and policymakers by revealing major influencing mechanisms and areas for accuracy improvement.