Dual Use Research. Kooperationen der k. k. Kriegsmarine und der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien

Using the example of research co-operations between Military and science, this article demonstrates that the so-called »dual use« principle was already applied inthe late eighteenth and even more so in the nineteenth century. Central to this strategy was the pursuit of crucial militaryinformation, economic interests as well as attempts of colonialization and educational goals. At the same time, the gain of scientific Knowledge in the fields of geography, astronomy, oceanography, zoology, botany, and anthropology played acrucial role. By focusing on the Novara expedition in particular,the article exemplifies the mutual support between the imperial and royal Habsburg navy and the Imperial Academy of Sciences, founded in Vienna in 1847.