The case of Austria: Weaving the Threads of Formality and Informality

This chapter presents the Austrian approach to policymaking and associated coordinative structures, processes and practices. First, key features of the Austrian politico-administrative system are outlined, in particular the distinction between formal and ‘lived’ constitution (Rechtsverfassung and Realverfassung), the system of social partnership and the principle of legality. Second, the legal foundations of policymaking and the historical roots of the Austrian peculiarities are elaborated in more detail, showing the pivotal role of informal structures for core executive coordination in Austria. Selected examples further illustrate the interplay between formal and informal structures and the actors involved. By shedding light on the coordinative practices between government members, top administration officials and political appointees such as ministerial offices and secretaries-general, the chapter provides insights into informal coordination practices that remain largely opaque even to the public in Austria.