The economic aspects of the national question is a largely neglected area of research. We are confronted with nationalism, struggles for the reestablishments or the new building of national states which we did not expect to reappear at the end of the 2oth century. It is obvious that there is insufficient knowledge about the economic dimensions of the historical experience. Based on a global comparative view, including Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas and Australia, we try to find an answer to this questions.