Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

Kenneth Holmqvist; Saga Lee Örbom; Ignace T. C. Hooge; Diederick C. Niehorster; Robert G. Alexander; Richard Andersson; Jeroen S. Benjamins; Pieter Blignaut; Anne-Marie Brouwer; Lewis L. Chuang; Kirsten A. Dalrymple; Denis Drieghe; Matt J. Dunn; Ulrich Ettinger; Susann Fiedler; Tom Foulsham; Jos N. van der Geest; Dan Witzner Hansen; Samuel B. Hutton; Enkelejda Kasneci; Alan Kingstone; Paul C. Knox; Ellen M. Kok; Helena Lee; Joy Yeonjoo Lee; Jukka M. Leppänen; Stephen Macknik; Päivi Majaranta; Susana Martinez-Conde; Antje Nuthmann; Marcus Nyström; Jacob L. Orquin; Jorge Otero-Millan; Soon Young Park; Stanislav Popelka; Frank Proudlock; Frank Renkewitz; Austin Roorda; Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck; Bonita Sharif; Frederick Shic; Mark Shovman; Mervyn G. Thomas; Ward Venrooij; Raimondas Zemblys; Roy S. Hessels

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.011

Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

Kenneth Holmqvist, Saga Lee Örbom, Ignace T. C. Hooge, Diederick C. Niehorster, Robert G. Alexander, Richard Andersson, Jeroen S. Benjamins, Pieter Blignaut, Anne-Marie Brouwer, Lewis L. Chuang, Kirsten A. Dalrymple, Denis Drieghe, Matt J. Dunn, Ulrich Ettinger, Susann Fiedler, Tom Foulsham, Jos N. van der Geest, Dan Witzner Hansen, Samuel B. Hutton, Enkelejda KasneciAlan Kingstone, Paul C. Knox, Ellen M. Kok, Helena Lee, Joy Yeonjoo Lee, Jukka M. Leppänen, Stephen Macknik, Päivi Majaranta, Susana Martinez-Conde, Antje Nuthmann, Marcus Nyström, Jacob L. Orquin, Jorge Otero-Millan, Soon Young Park, Stanislav Popelka, Frank Proudlock, Frank Renkewitz, Austin Roorda, Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Bonita Sharif, Frederick Shic, Mark Shovman, Mervyn G. Thomas, Ward Venrooij, Raimondas Zemblys, Roy S. Hessels

Vienna University of Economics and Business

Publication: Scientific journal › Journal article › peer-review

Abstract

In this paper, we present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures. We take this review to represent the empirical foundation for reporting guidelines of any study involving an eye tracker. We compare this empirical foundation to five existing reporting guidelines and to a database of 207 published eye-tracking studies. We find that reporting guidelines vary substantially and do not match with actual reporting practices. We end by deriving a minimal, flexible reporting guideline based on empirical research (Section “An empirically based minimal reporting guideline”).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1 - 53
Journal	Behavior Research Methods
Volume	54
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.011
Publication status	Published - 2022

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Holmqvist, K., Örbom, S. L., Hooge, I. T. C., Niehorster, D. C., Alexander, R. G., Andersson, R., Benjamins, J. S., Blignaut, P., Brouwer, A-M., Chuang, L. L., Dalrymple, K. A., Drieghe, D., Dunn, M. J., Ettinger, U., Fiedler, S., Foulsham, T., van der Geest, J. N., Witzner Hansen, D., Hutton, S. B., ... Hessels, R. S. (2022). Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline. Behavior Research Methods, 54(2), 1 - 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.011

@article{9d44b9f1d43b43d1a5eda2bf8048e6f2,

title = "Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline",

abstract = "In this paper, we present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures. We take this review to represent the empirical foundation for reporting guidelines of any study involving an eye tracker. We compare this empirical foundation to five existing reporting guidelines and to a database of 207 published eye-tracking studies. We find that reporting guidelines vary substantially and do not match with actual reporting practices. We end by deriving a minimal, flexible reporting guideline based on empirical research (Section “An empirically based minimal reporting guideline”).",

author = "Kenneth Holmqvist and {\"O}rbom, {Saga Lee} and Hooge, {Ignace T. C.} and Niehorster, {Diederick C.} and Alexander, {Robert G.} and Richard Andersson and Benjamins, {Jeroen S.} and Pieter Blignaut and Anne-Marie Brouwer and Chuang, {Lewis L.} and Dalrymple, {Kirsten A.} and Denis Drieghe and Dunn, {Matt J.} and Ulrich Ettinger and Susann Fiedler and Tom Foulsham and {van der Geest}, {Jos N.} and {Witzner Hansen}, Dan and Hutton, {Samuel B.} and Enkelejda Kasneci and Alan Kingstone and Knox, {Paul C.} and Kok, {Ellen M.} and Helena Lee and Lee, {Joy Yeonjoo} and Lepp{\"a}nen, {Jukka M.} and Stephen Macknik and P{\"a}ivi Majaranta and Susana Martinez-Conde and Antje Nuthmann and Marcus Nystr{\"o}m and Orquin, {Jacob L.} and Jorge Otero-Millan and Park, {Soon Young} and Stanislav Popelka and Frank Proudlock and Frank Renkewitz and Austin Roorda and Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck and Bonita Sharif and Frederick Shic and Mark Shovman and Thomas, {Mervyn G.} and Ward Venrooij and Raimondas Zemblys and Hessels, {Roy S.}",

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Holmqvist, K, Örbom, SL, Hooge, ITC, Niehorster, DC, Alexander, RG, Andersson, R, Benjamins, JS, Blignaut, P, Brouwer, A-M, Chuang, LL, Dalrymple, KA, Drieghe, D, Dunn, MJ, Ettinger, U, Fiedler, S, Foulsham, T, van der Geest, JN, Witzner Hansen, D, Hutton, SB, Kasneci, E, Kingstone, A, Knox, PC, Kok, EM, Lee, H, Lee, JY, Leppänen, JM, Macknik, S, Majaranta, P, Martinez-Conde, S, Nuthmann, A, Nyström, M, Orquin, JL, Otero-Millan, J, Park, SY, Popelka, S, Proudlock, F, Renkewitz, F, Roorda, A, Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M, Sharif, B, Shic, F, Shovman, M, Thomas, MG, Venrooij, W, Zemblys, R & Hessels, RS 2022, 'Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline', Behavior Research Methods, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 1 - 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.011

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T1 - Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

AU - Holmqvist, Kenneth

AU - Örbom, Saga Lee

AU - Hooge, Ignace T. C.

AU - Niehorster, Diederick C.

AU - Alexander, Robert G.

AU - Andersson, Richard

AU - Benjamins, Jeroen S.

AU - Blignaut, Pieter

AU - Brouwer, Anne-Marie

AU - Chuang, Lewis L.

AU - Dalrymple, Kirsten A.

AU - Drieghe, Denis

AU - Dunn, Matt J.

AU - Ettinger, Ulrich

AU - Fiedler, Susann

AU - Foulsham, Tom

AU - van der Geest, Jos N.

AU - Witzner Hansen, Dan

AU - Hutton, Samuel B.

AU - Kasneci, Enkelejda

AU - Kingstone, Alan

AU - Knox, Paul C.

AU - Kok, Ellen M.

AU - Lee, Helena

AU - Lee, Joy Yeonjoo

AU - Leppänen, Jukka M.

AU - Macknik, Stephen

AU - Majaranta, Päivi

AU - Martinez-Conde, Susana

AU - Nuthmann, Antje

AU - Nyström, Marcus

AU - Orquin, Jacob L.

AU - Otero-Millan, Jorge

AU - Park, Soon Young

AU - Popelka, Stanislav

AU - Proudlock, Frank

AU - Renkewitz, Frank

AU - Roorda, Austin

AU - Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael

AU - Sharif, Bonita

AU - Shic, Frederick

AU - Shovman, Mark

AU - Thomas, Mervyn G.

AU - Venrooij, Ward

AU - Zemblys, Raimondas

AU - Hessels, Roy S.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

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AB - In this paper, we present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures. We take this review to represent the empirical foundation for reporting guidelines of any study involving an eye tracker. We compare this empirical foundation to five existing reporting guidelines and to a database of 207 published eye-tracking studies. We find that reporting guidelines vary substantially and do not match with actual reporting practices. We end by deriving a minimal, flexible reporting guideline based on empirical research (Section “An empirically based minimal reporting guideline”).

U2 - 10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.011

DO - 10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.011

M3 - Journal article

VL - 54

SP - 1

EP - 53

JO - Behavior Research Methods

JF - Behavior Research Methods

SN - 1554-351X

IS - 2

ER -