Reviewing the role of greenhouse gas emissions calculation for supply chains: Antecedents, moderators, mediators and outcomes

Purpose: As environmental concerns grow in global supply chains, a key challenge of
organizations, when managing their GHG emissions, is the complex process of GHG Emissions
Calculation (GEC). Existing research shows ambiguity in defining GEC, implementing it
successfully, and identifying effective methods and systems. In response, we conduct a
systematic review to clarify the role of GEC and develop a structured framework for its
recognition in supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review (SLR) and theoretical analysis
are conducted to identify key components influencing GEC. By critically reviewing existing
theories and empirical literature findings, the study develops a comprehensive framework
aimed at improving GHG calculation practices.

Findings: We propose a GHG Emissions Calculation Framework (GECF) that maps the
relationships between key components—antecedents, moderators, mediators, and outcomes—
of GEC in supply chains. The findings highlight how inconsistencies, such as in data sources,
emission factors, and calculation methods, influence GEC practices. By identifying theoretical
and empirical gaps, the study suggests future research directions for supply chain and
environmental scholars.

Originality: This study deepens the current understanding of key components influencing GEC
and provides new insights into this complex process. The conceptual framework addresses
knowledge gaps, sets a research agenda and provides practical guidance for enhancing GEC.
Practically, it raises managers' awareness of critical inaccuracies and pitfalls, and provides
actionable insights for stakeholders to improve GEC across different entities.